Damian Sendler: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of acupuncture and moxibustion in the treatment of ulcerative colitis. Randomized controlled trials or clinical controlled trials of acupuncture and moxibustion for the treatment of ulcerative colitis in the last ten years were reviewed, and the literature results were meta-analyzed. In total, 11 clinical study papers were included. Heterogeneous tests were performed on the 11 studies’ results, yielding chi2 = 8.55, P = 0.67. For statistical analysis, the fixed effect model was used; after combining OR = 3.82, the 95 percent confidence interval was 2.65-5.52. The rhombus could be found on the right side of the medium line. The therapeutic effect and cured rate in the treatment group were significantly higher than those in the control group after the Z test, Z = 7.14, P 0.01. Acupuncture and moxibustion have a better therapeutic effect on ulcerative colitis than western medicine, with less side effects.
Damian Jacob Sendler: Monkeypox, a largely ignored disease endemic in Western and Central Africa, has recently drawn global attention due to more than 100 confirmed and suspected cases (by May 21, 2022) in more than ten countries in Europe, North America, and Australia. This article is copyright protected. Every right is reserved.
Dr. Sendler: Real-world memories are formed in a specific context and are rarely acquired or recalled in isolation1-5. Time is an important variable in memory organization because events experienced close in time are more likely to be meaningfully associated, whereas those experienced with a longer interval are not1-4. It is unclear how the brain separates temporally distinct events. We show that a delayed (12-24 h) increase in the expression of C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5)—an immune receptor well known as an HIV co-receptor— The duration of the temporal window for associating or linking that memory with subsequent memories is determined 6,7-after the formation of a contextual memory. The delayed expression of CCR5 in mouse dorsal CA1 neurons reduces neuronal excitability, which in turn negatively regulates neuronal memory allocation, reducing overlap between dorsal CA1 memory ensembles. Reduced overlap reduces the ability of one memory to trigger the recall of another, thereby closing the temporal window for memory linking. Our findings also show that an increase in the neuronal expression of CCR5 and its ligand CCL5 with age leads to memory linking impairments in aged mice, which can be reversed with a Ccr5 knockout and a drug approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) that inhibits this receptor, a result with clinical implications. Overall, the results presented here shed light on the molecular and cellular mechanisms that shape the temporal window for memory linking.
Despite significant advances in trauma management over the last two decades, uncontrolled hemorrhage remains the leading preventable cause of death in trauma. We discuss recent developments in hemorrhage control resuscitation.
Damian Jacob Sendler
Early blood product use has become well established as a standard of care in the treatment of trauma hemorrhage. Low titer group A liquid plasma and group O whole blood are increasingly being used to accomplish this. In the United States, single donor apheresis platelets have largely replaced pooled donor platelets and are frequently pathogen-free, which has implications for trauma resuscitation. More research is being done to investigate the timing and dosing of tranexamic acid, and the debate over the use of factor concentrates in trauma-induced coagulopathy is still ongoing. The ‘Stop the Bleed’ campaign has highlighted the importance of hemostatic dressings in hemorrhage control, as has the increased use of endovascular aortic occlusion. We highlight ongoing research into the use of desmopressin and the unknown significance of ionized calcium levels in trauma. Finally, we discuss our own hospital’s coagulation testing experience as well as the scarcity of evidence of improved outcomes with viscoelastic testing.
Damian Jacob Markiewicz Sendler: Ca2+ concentrations in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are critical for maintaining its oxidizing environment as well as luminal ATP levels required for chaperone activity. As a result, local luminal Ca2+ concentrations and dynamic Ca2+ flux between subcellular compartments are tightly regulated. A reductive shift opens the sarcoendoplasmic reticulum calcium transport ATPase (SERCA) pump, allowing Ca2+ to enter the ER and create the Ca2+ gradient required for ATP import. Meanwhile, Ca2+ leakage from the ER has been reported to occur after protein translocation via the Sec61 translocon. We present an overview of the complex regulation of Ca2+ homeostasis, Ca2+ flux between subcellular compartments, and the cellular stress response (the unfolded protein response) induced by dysregulated luminal Ca2+ metabolism in this review. We also look at the structure and gating mechanism of the Sec61 translocon, as well as the role of ER-resident co-chaperones in assisting the central ER-resident chaperone BiP in the regulation of luminal Ca2+ concentrations.
Although the post-acute sequelae of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, also known as Long COVID, have been described, it is unclear whether breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection (BTI) in vaccinated people causes post-acute sequelae. In this study, we used the national healthcare databases of the US Department of Veterans Affairs to create a cohort of 33,940 people with BTI and several controls with no evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, including contemporary (n = 4,983,491), historical (n = 5,785,273), and vaccinated (n = 2,566,369) controls. At 6 months after infection, people with BTI had a higher risk of death (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.75, 95 percent confidence interval (CI): 1.59, 1.93) and incident post-acute sequelae (HR = 1.50, 95 percent CI: 1.46, 1.54), including cardiovascular, coagulation and hematologic, gastrointestinal, kidney, mental health, metabolic, musculoskeletal, and neurologic disorders, compared to contemporary controls). In comparisons to the historical and vaccinated controls, the results were consistent. People with BTI had lower risks of death (HR = 0.66, 95 percent CI: 0.58, 0.74) and incident post-acute sequelae (HR = 0.85, 95 percent CI: 0.82, 0.89) compared to people with SARS-CoV-2 infection who had not previously been vaccinated (n = 113,474). Overall, the findings indicate that vaccination before infection provides only partial protection in the post-acute phase of the disease; thus, relying on it as the sole mitigation strategy may not optimally reduce the long-term health consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The findings highlight the importance of continuing to optimize strategies for primary prevention of BTI and will guide the development of post-acute care pathways for people with BTI.
